• Converts non-biodegradable COD into biodegradable intermediates • Breaks chromophoric dye structures at molecular bonds • Disrupts EPS and biofilm matrices responsible for membrane fouling • Enhances downstream biological respiration and membrane flux stability • Converts non-biodegradable COD into biodegradable intermediates • Breaks chromophoric dye structures at molecular bonds • Disrupts EPS and biofilm matrices responsible for membrane fouling • Enhances downstream biological respiration and membrane flux stability